Bacterial vaginosis (BV) ek aam vaginal infection hai jo vagina mein bacteria ke asantulan se hota hai. Ek swasth vagina mein, “acche” aur “bure” dono tarah ke bacteria samanya rup se paye jate hai. Bacterial vaginosis isliye hota hai jab “bure” bacteria, khas kar Gardnerella vaginalis ki adhik matra payi jati hai, jo vaginal discharge, odor, aur khujli jaise anuchit lakshano ka karan ban sakta hai. BV kisi bhi prakar ka sex ke dwara hone wali sankraman nahi hai, lekin yeh sex ke dwara, douching ya kuch khas tarah ke product, jaise ki sugandhit sabun ya vaginal deodorants ke upyog se shuru ho sakta hai.
Wajoohat
Bacterial vaginosis ki tafseel se na maloom wajoohaat hen. Lekin yeh maan liya jata hai ke bacterial vaginosis vagina ke microbiome me taskeen karnay walay bacteria ki nisbat imbalanced hota hai. Sehatmand vagina me kai tarah ke bacteria mojood hotay hen, jin me se Lactobacillus woh bacteria hai jo vagina ki acid environment ko maintain karta hai aur harmful bacteria ki izafay ki rok tok karta hai. Jab Lactobacilli ki tadad me kami ho ya dusre qism ke bacteria ki izafay ki waja se bacterial vaginosis ho jata hai.
Vaginal Microbiome ki Naqsaniat
Bacterial vaginosis tab peda hota hai jab vaginal microbiome me naqsaniat ho. Sehatmand vagina me Lactobacillus jaisay kai tarah ke bacteria mojood hotay hen. Yeh bacteria vagina ki acid environment ko maintain karta hai aur harmful bacteria ki izafay ki rok tok karta hai. Jab Lactobacilli ki tadad me kami ho ya dusre qism ke bacteria ki izafay ki waja se bacterial vaginosis ho jata hai.
- Jinsi Amal
- Bacterial vaginosis jinsi wabasta bemari nahi hai, lekin jinsi amal usay trigger kar sakta hai. Aurat jo kai mukhtalif jinsi partners rakhti hai ya naye jinsi partner ke saath sex karti hai woh bacterial vaginosis ka shikar hone ke imkanat zyada hotay hen. Is ki wajah puri tarha se samajh me nahi aayi, lekin yeh vagina ke microbiome me tabdili se ya vagina me naye bacteria ki ijazat se wabasta ho sakta hai.
- Douching aur Vaginal Products
- Douching aur vaginal sprays, deodorants aur dosray products ke istemal se vagina me mojood bacteria ka balance disturb ho sakta hai aur bacterial vaginosis ka khatar zyada ho jata hai. Yeh products vaginal tissues ko bhi irritate kar sakti hen aur inflammation me izafay ki waja se harmful bacteria ki izafay ki rok tok kamzor ho jati hai.
- Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- Contraception ke liye intrauterine device (IUD) ka istemal bhi bacterial vaginosis ke khatar ko barhata hai. IUD vagina me bacteria ka balance change kar sakta hai ya irritation ki waja se bacterial vaginosis ka sabab ban sakta hai.
Dosri Khatar Angaiz Wajoohat
- Kayi dosri wajoohat bhi hen jo bacterial vaginosis ka khatar barhati hen, jaisay smoking, mazboot immune system ki kami, hormonal changes (maslan haiz ya pregnancy ke doran), antibiotics ya corticosteroids ke istemal.
- Bacterial vaginosis ka diagnosis karne ke liye, ek healthcare provider vagina ka physical examination karega, jisme pelvic exam shamil ho sakta hai. Exam ke dauran, healthcare provider inflammation ke lakshan jaise ki lalima ya sujan ke liye dekhega aur vaginal discharge ka sample microscope ke neeche jaanch ke liye le sakta hai.
- Lab tests bhi bacterial vaginosis ka diagnosis karne ke liye prayog kiye ja sakte hain. Ye tests wet mount aur gram stain ke dwara ho sakte hain. Wet mount mein, vaginal discharge ka sample ek namak halke mein milakar microscope ke neeche jaanch kiya jata hai. Gram stain mein, vaginal discharge ka sample rang se rangaya jata hai aur microscope ke neeche jaanch kiya jata hai. Ye tests bacterial vaginosis ke saath jude hue bacteria ke upasthiti ko pahchaan ne mein madad kar sakte hain.
- Culture tests bhi bacterial vaginosis ka diagnosis karne ke liye prayog kiye ja sakte hain. Culture test ke dauran, ek sample vaginal discharge ko ek culture medium par rakha jata hai, jisse bacteria ka vikas hota hai. Fir bacteria pahchaane aur test kiye jaate hain, ki kya ve bacterial vaginosis se jude hue hain ya nahin.
- Yah mahatvapurn hai ki sabhi healthcare providers bacterial vaginosis ka diagnosis karne ke liye ek hi tarika istemaal nahi karte hain, aur alag-alag tarikon mein antar ho sakta hai. Isliye, agar kisi mahila ko bacterial vaginosis ke lakshan dikhai de rahe hain, to medical attention ki talash karna aur healthcare provider ki salaah ka paalan karna mahatvapurn hai.
Bacterial Vaginosis ka ilaj
Antibiotics
Bacterial vaginosis ka sabse aam ilaj antibiotics hai, jo sankraman ka karan bana bacteria ko mar kar kaam karte hai. Bacterial vaginosis ke liye sabse aam tarike ke antibiotics hote hai:
Metronidazole
Metronidazole ek antibiotic hai jo bacterial vaginosis ke liye aam taur par prescribe kiya jata hai. Ye bacteria ke vikas aur pratirodhi ko rok kar kaam karta hai, jisme bacterial vaginosis ka karan banane wale bacteria bhi shamil hai. Metronidazole goli ke roop mein munh ke through le sakte hai ya cream ke roop mein seedha vagina mein lagaya ja sakta hai. Ilaj aam taur par 5-7 din tak chalta hai, lekin sankraman ki gambhirata ke anusar yeh samay bhi badal sakta hai. Ilaj ke pura hone tak poora course poora karna mahatvapurn hai, chahe dawai se pehle hi lakshan kam hone lage. Metronidazole ke kuch aam side effects mehsoos ho sakte hai jaise ki ulti, dast ya khaana na paachna, lekin aksar ye halki hote hai aur samay ke saath thik ho jate hai. Garbhavati aur doodh pilane wali mahilayein apne healthcare provider se salah lena chahiye metronidazole lene se pehle, kyunki ye periods ke dauran upyog ke liye surakshit nahi ho sakta hai.
Clindamycin
Clindamycin ek aur antibiotic hai jo bacterial vaginosis ke liye aam taur par prescribe kiya jata hai. Ye bacteria ke vikas aur pratirodhi ko rok kar kaam karta hai, jisme bacterial vaginosis ka karan banane wale bacteria bhi shamil hai. Clindamycin goli ke roop mein munh ke through liya ja sakta hai, cream ke roop mein seedha vagina mein lagaya ja sakta hai ya gambhir case mein nason ke through diya jata hai. Ilaj aam taur par 5-7 din tak chalta hai, lekin sankraman ki gambhirata ke anusar yeh samay bhi badal sakta hai. Metronidazole ki tarah, poora course poora karna mahatvapurn hai, chahe dawai se pehle hi lakshan kam hone lage. Clindamycin ke kuch aam side effects mehsoos ho sakte hai jaise ki dast, pet dard ya ulti. Garbhavati aur doodh pilane wali mahilayein clindamycin lene se pehle apne healthcare provider se salah lena chahiye, kyunki ye periods ke dauran upyog ke liye surakshit nahi ho sakta hai. Yah bhi mahatvapurn hai ki agar kabz ya anya antarik shankar hai to clindamycin ka upyog na karein.
Probiotics
Probiotics jeevandeeya hai jo swasth ke liye labhdayak hote hai, sath hi vaginal microbiome ke swasth ke liye bhi. Probiotics swasth vaginal pH aur hani kar
Home Remedies
Agar kisi aurton ko bacterial vaginosis ka ilaj karne ke liye antibiotics aur probiotics ke alawa ghar ke nuskhe istemal karne ka faisla lena hai, to kuch aurton ko is se aaram milta hai. Bacterial vaginosis ke liye kuch aam ghar ke nuskhe is tarah hain:
- Apple Cider Vinegar: Yeh samjha jata hai ki yeh vagina ke pH balance ko restore karne mein madad karta hai. Isse bathwater mein milakar istemal kiya ja sakta hai ya phir seedha istemal kiya ja sakta hai.
- Tea Tree Oil: Yeh antimicrobial properties wala essential oil hai, jo bathwater mein milakar istemal kiya ja sakta hai ya phir seedha istemal kiya ja sakta hai.
- Hydrogen Peroxide: Yeh samjha jata hai ki yeh sankraman ka karan banne wale bacteria ko khatam karta hai. Ise patla karke seedha istemal kiya ja sakta hai.
- Yogurt: Yeh lactobacillus naam ke faydemand bacteria ko contain karta hai. Isse khaya ja sakta hai ya phir seedha istemal kiya ja sakta hai.
- Yeh zaruri hai ki ghar ke nuskhe kisi bhi medical treatment ka alternative nahi hote hain aur aurton ko hamesha kisi healthcare provider se mashwara lena chahiye, kisi bhi ghar ke nuskhe ko istemal karne se pahle.
Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis
Practice Good Hygiene
Achhi hygiene maintain karna bacterial vaginosis ko rokne ke liye bahut zaroori hai. Ismein daily mild soap aur pani se genital area wash karna shamil hai. Aur restroom use karne ke baad women ko anus se vagina tak bacteria ka spread rokne ke liye front to back wipe karna chahiye.
Wear Cotton Underwear
Cotton underwear pehnna bhi bacterial vaginosis ko rokne mein madad karta hai. Cotton ek aisa fabric hai jo hawa ko ghoomne deta hai, bacteria growth ka risk kam karne ke liye. Wahi synthetic fabrics, moisture ko trap karke bacteria ka breeding ground create kar sakte hain.
Avoid Douching
Douching, yaani ki vagina wash karne ke liye water ya aur koi fluids ka use karna, vagina ke natural bacteria balance ko disturb kar sakta hai, bacterial vaginosis ke risk ko badha dete hue. Women ko douching se bache aur mild soap aur water se gentle cleansing follow karein.
Limit Sexual Partners
Multiple sexual partners rakhna bacterial vaginosis ke risk ko badha sakta hai. Women ko infection ke risk ko kam karne ke liye apne sexual partners ko limit karna chahiye.
Use Condoms
Sex ke time condom use karna bhi bacterial vaginosis ko rokne mein madad karta hai. Condoms ek barrier ki tarah kaam karte hain, harmful bacteria se exposure ke risk ko kam kar dete hain.
Bacterial vaginosis ek common vaginal infection hai jo ki vagina mein bacteria ke overgrowth ke kaaran hoti hai. Isse vaginal discharge, odor aur itching jaisi symptoms bhi ho sakti hain. Bacterial vaginosis antibiotics ke through treat ki jaati hai, lekin probiotics aur home remedies bhi effective ho sakte hain. Bacterial vaginosis ko rokne ke liye, women ko achhi hygiene maintain karni chahiye, cotton underwear pehanna chahiye, douching se bache, sexual partners ko limit karein, aur condoms use karein.
Final Thoughts
Bacterial vaginosis ek uncomfortable aur disruptive condition ho sakti hai, lekin ise treat kiya jaa sakta hai. Medical attention lena aur treatment guidelines follow karna symptoms ko manage karne aur infection ke repeat hone se bachane mein madad karta hai. Additionally, achhi hygiene maintain karna aur sex ke time condoms use karna bacterial vaginosis ke risk ko kam karne mein madad karta hai. Women ko bacterial vaginosis ke symptoms ke bare mein aware rehna chahiye aur infection ke doubt hone par prompt medical attention lena chahiye. Proper care aur attention se, bacterial vaginosis effectively treat aur prevent kiya jaa sakta hai.